Stem and Leaf plot

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/maths/handling_data/collecting_recording/revise8.shtml


Stem and Leaf plots help to organize and visualize a set of numbers to be easily used to calculate with. The stem of the plot represents the tens numbers of the data set and the leaf of the plot represents the ones of the data set. The one above is almost a short hand of writing the numbers down. For example, the 5 in the last row on the left can be put together with the zero on the right side of it making it 50, so there are two 50s.

Box plot

http://www.mathworks.com/help/stats/boxplot.html

Box plots display statistical data in a graph. The box represents the upper and lower quartiles, the line represents the median of all the data, and the horizontal lines at the end of the vertical lines represent the highest and lowest numbers of the data. The box plot above depicts the car milage in certain countries.

Histogram

http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/histogram

A histogram is a graph that shows the data in rectangles that represent the frequency of the data in a numerical succession. There are no spaces between the bars on the graph. In the one above, the scores of a final exam are represented.  Most students scored between a 60- 80.

Parallel coordinate graph

http://vis.lbl.gov/Vignettes/Drosophila/index.html

Parallel coordinate graphs show the relationship between variables. The data is potted vertically on a graph and then connected with lines. When the lines cross each other, that means that the correlation is negative. In the graph above, the cells of nine different genes are represented.

Triangular plot

http://www.dplot.com/triangle_plot.htm

A triangular plot is a plot that puts the data in a triangular form. In the map above, describes the different classification of soil composition. It is based on the percentage of sand, silt, and clay found in every sample.

Windrose

http://www.vistadatavision.com/wind-rose/

A windrose is a plot that shows different wind patterns from a certain region in a circular motion. This plot would probably be useful to meteorologists. In the windrose above over the course of thirty years most of the wind came from the east and very little came from the west.

Climograph

http://www4.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/lemke/geog101/lectures/09_global_climate_patterns.html

A climograph depicts the relationship between precipitation and temperature during a certain amount of time in a geographical area. The graph above shows the temperature as the purple line and the average precipitation as the blue bars during one year in Walgett, Australia.

Population profile

http://www.ifad.org/operations/regional/pf/aids_1.htm

A population profile is a chart that shows the number of people as a function of age and or sex. In the graph above the amount of men and women with and without AIDS and their age in Eastern and Southern Africa.

Scatterplot

http://www.stat.yale.edu/Courses/1997-98/101/scatter.htm

A scatterplot uses horizontal and vertical axis to plot data points. It shows the correlation of two different variables. In this graph the variables are pointing to the top right, which means the data is positive. So the bigger the carat of diamond the more money it will cost.

Index value plot

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu_75SYQivKlUjMOzWAOeXD8LiemVzIWEAxCVQRq63AXzclHvgOV5XlWqhXxvPwKQcYV-iHW_1a-xiHc4xQTd8BYwN6qgd4qw8JyzWLTixPoUoqEav72w99hAOJI84D481sneXAXI9pbU/s320/index+value+plot.gif&imgrefurl=http://mavance2000.blogspot.com/2008/07/index-value-plot.html&usg=__2n27SvHUB_3moyFmL2yHAmqtvtc=&h=262&w=320&sz=51&hl=en&start=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=48P8wB-dzl_PwM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dindex%2Bvalue%2Bplot%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1

In an index value plot does not display the absolute value on the graph. To get the index number, the data is divided by the average and then multiplied by 100. In the index value plot above shows the steamflow in the United States.

Accumulative line graph or Lorenz curve

http://www.datavis.ca/milestones/index.php?group=1900%2B

An accumulative line graph or Lorenz curve illustrates inequality of income. The way to interpret the graph is: if the curved line is closer to the line of equality, then the wealth is distributed more equally; on the other hand, if the curved line is further from the line of equality, then the wealth is not distributed equally. In the graph above the 60% of households earn 20% of the income.

Bilateral graph

http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2010/10/china-and-international-rules-self-interested-or-malign/64747/

Bilateral graph can show up to two different set of data on one graph. They can be shown in the positive and negative direction. The graph above shows the trade between the United States and China in the clear energy products from 2006-2010. 

Nominal area choropleth map

http://bigthink.com/blogs/strange-maps

Nominal area choropleth maps do not use statistical data like other maps, but only uses qualitative data to make the maps. The information is divided among already existing boundaries. The  map above represents the results for the French Prime Minister in 2007.

Unstandardized choropleth maps

http://www.adherents.com/rel_USA.html

Unstandardized choropleth maps are a type of choropleth map where the information is not areally averaged; which means that the data was not relativized. In the map above the most abundant Christian congregation in the United States.

Standardized choropleth maps

http://www.infovis-wiki.net/index.php?title=Teaching:TUW_-_UE_InfoVis_WS_2007/08_-_Gruppe_06_-_Aufgabe_1_-_Thematic_Map

Standardized choropleth maps are maps that the information is areally averaged. This allows for the information to be compared to areas of different sizes. In the map above, the data depicted is of the population per square km.

Univariate choropleth maps

www.geog.le.ac.uk/russianheartland/DemographicMaps/Raions.html

An Univariate choropleth map is a map that depicts only on variable of data. The map I chose shows the population density in Russia in 1969. The darker regions of Russia are densely populated areas and the lighter yellow colors represent the less populated areas in Russia.

Bivariate choropleth maps

http://www.directionsmag.com/articles/sports-illustrated-from-swimsuits-to-maps-the-making-of-the-si-sports-atlas/123556

Bivariate choropleth maps show two different variables on one map. Its is a simple solution to two different data sets. The map I chose depicts the winter vs. summer Olympics and the amount of Olympic athletes that come from each county of the United States. The uses of different colors represents the two different variables.

Unclassed choropleth maps

http://candacesmaps.blogspot.com/2010/12/unclassed-choropleth-maps.html

Unclassed choropleth maps are similar to classed choropleth maps, but the main difference between them is that the unclassed choropleth maps do not have an averaged statistic for each color. It allows the data and numerical information to stay connected; which means that the shades of colors are directly proportional to the data. In this map the results from the 2004 presidential election are shown with the redder regions representing Republicans and the bluer regions representing Democrats

Classed Choropleth Map

http://personal.uncc.edu/lagaro/cwg/color/Choropleth-5Good.gif

In a classed choropleth map the data is separated into groups. It is broken down into a scale and the use of colored intervals. There are usually 4-7 data sets that the information is divided into. In the map above shows the amount of money spent per student in the Public Education System in North Carolina in 1994-1995.

Range graded proportional circle map

http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/a/g/agc135/486/Lesson8/Lesson8.html

Range graded proportional circle maps are maps that use circles to show data in a certain area. The more variable there is in an area the larger the circle. The map I chose shows the burglary rate from 1998-2003. The areas with higher burglary rates have larger circles.

Continuously variable proportional circle map

http://www.neiu.edu/~tpoconno/geography/377/377home.htm

Continuously variable proportional circle map uses circles to portray data. This kind of map includes more than one data variables. In this map the circles represent the amount of homes built in 1940.

DOQQ

http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/gis/doqq.html

DOQQ is a digital image of an aerial photograph. The advantage of this kind of map is spatially accurate image. It shows things in their correct geographic location. This map is of Johnston County Nebraska in 1998. 

DEM

http://eros.usgs.gov/#/Find_Data/Products_and_Data_Available/DEMs


DEMs are elevation maps. It stands for Digital Elevation Model is a three dimensional representation of elevation changes in a geographic area. In the map that I chose shows the changes in elevation by the different colors with the red zones being the highest relief and blue being the lowest relief.

DLG

http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc00/professional/papers/pap691/p691.htm

A Digital Line Graph (DLG) map uses data collected from the USGS to show vectors on the map to represent cartographic information. In the map I chose the lines represent roads, railroads, lakes, and boundaries.

DRG

http://www.twohikers.org/westernmtns/PrinceWmSound01/pws2001_day3.htm

DRG or Digital Raster Graphic maps are digital images that are scanned onto a USGS topographic map so that the map can be used on the computer. They can depict different elevations, water systems, and other natural and man-made features. This map shows different campsites at Prince William's Sound in Europe.

Isopleths

http://sarahpopesblog.blogspot.com/2011/04/isopleths.html

Isopleths use contour lines that have to be calculated using many different data points over a certain geographic area because it cannot be determined by one single data set. The map I chose shows the velocity of coastal wind of the coast of Columbia River by time and latitude. From the map it can be deduced that positive velocity occurs during the fall/winter seasons and negative velocity occurs during spring/summer seasons.

Isopach

http://www.geo.mtu.edu/

Isopach maps measure the thickness of the ground by drawing and connecting lines that have the same thickness. This mapping could be useful to geologists researching the different strata levels in a geographic area. In the map above, the thickness of volcanic ash in Nicaragua was mapped.

Isohyets

http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/technical/wind-erosion/index.html

Isohyets are lines that represent the amount of rainfall that occurs in a geographic area during a certain period of time. The lines connect to areas with the same amount of rainfall. The map above is of Australia and the areas that received 300mm of rainfall were connected with isohyet lines. 

Isotachs

http://www.erh.noaa.gov/btv/events/28Oct2008/ua2.php

Isotach maps display lines that represent equal wind speeds. The closer the lines are to each other, the steeper the change in wind speed and the further apart the lines the more gradual the change in wind speed. This is a map of the continental United States, it can be seen that there is higher wind speeds in the northeastern area.

Isobars

http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gl)/guides/maps/sfcobs/cntr/wind.rxml

Isobars are lines that connect points of equal atmospheric pressure. The lines never cross or touch on a map. They are useful in tracking low and high pressure systems. In the map above of the East Coast of the United States, shows a large low pressure system traveling in the northeast direction.

LIDAR

http://www.valtus.com/gallery/

LIDAR, light detection and ranging, uses pulses from a laser to measure the distance between the sensor of the laser to the object and back again. This is not a very practical mapping option because of the cost, but it takes extremely accurate photos with great detail. The picture above is of a river and the coast of the river can be seen perfectly against the contrasting color of the land.

Doppler Radar

http://www.stuffintheair.com/Doppler-radar-weather.html

The primary use of a doppler radar is for tracking weather patterns and disturbances.  They can be used to estimate reflectivity and velocity. It uses the measurement of precipitation to figure out what kind of precipitation is falling and what kind of storm is to be expected in the area. 

Black & White Aerial Photo

http://www.math.toronto.edu/drorbn/Gallery/KnottedObjects/Interchange/index.html

Black and white aerial photos are most useful to show roads and coastlines in a geographic region. They can capture a greater area, but they do not show as much detail as other color photos can. The photo I chose was taken of an area of Toronto from 20,000 ft above. 

Infrared Aerial Photo

http://www.geoconnexion.com/geouk_news_article/Colour-Infrared-Map-Goes-Online-at-Bluesky/5415

A infrared aerial photo are taken with a birds eye view of a geographic area. These photos are great to use when monitoring vegetation in an area because the crops will show up in red hues rather than green due to the infrared. It also makes it easier to identify the river in England. This photo was specifically used to asses the health of the crops. 

Cartographic Animations

http://www.mthurricane.com/Hurricane_Charley.htm

Cartographic animation is used to depict an occurrence over time. They are very useful in mapping weather occurrences like hurricanes. The image above is of Hurricane Charley traveling over Florida. It shows the direction of the storm, the intensity of the winds and rainfall, which is all useful information in seeking shelter and avoiding the path of destruction.

Statistical Map

http://acartographicalworld.blogspot.com/2010/12/statistical-maps.html


A statistical map is a map that uses statistical data in a geographic area. The map above shows the change in percent of population over a decade (1990- 2000) of the United States. The darker green represents the greatest changing in percent of population and the lighter green represents less of a change in percentage of population. Arizona and Nevada showing the most change.

Cartograms

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8280657.stm

A cartogram is a map that represents the geographic size of countries or states depending on the attributes of the geographic area. This distorts the size of the geographic area based on the data being shown. The map I chose distorts the United Kingdom based on population. For that reason London is much larger than its actual size.

Flow Map

http://mappa.mundi.net/maps/maps_014/

A flow map is a map that tracts the movement of a particular set of data and can also show the intensity that it travels. The intensity is represented by the thickness of the line, with the thicker the line the more intense it travels. In the map I chose tracts the movement of traffic flow in Europe. The thicker lines represent the amount of traffic annually between the two countries.

Isoline Map

http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/355/links.html

Isoline maps are also known as contour mapping because of the contour lines that are essentially imaginary lines that represent equal amount of the variable being mapped. When the lines get closer together it means there is a drastic change in a small area; therefore, when the lines get further apart it means there is little to no change in a large area. In the map above, the variable being mapped was degrees Fahrenheit in Australia with each line representing a certain degree.

Proportional Circle Map

http://hmbmaps.blogspot.com/2009_06_01_archive.html

The data in a proportional circle map is shown in circles. The size of the circles depends on the how much the data is showing; the bigger circles represent higher data values and smaller circles represent lower data values. In the map above, the circles represent the amount of rainfall in Florida in twenty four hours. The bigger circles in on the west coast shows a large amount of rainfall in that region.

Choropleth Map

http://enb-2011f-jp.blogspot.com/2011/09/choropleth-map.html

A choropleth map is a map that uses shading, coloring, or patterns to depict a values of a property or quantity in a given area. The map I chose shows a gauge of the world's happiness. Each country is colored according to how happy the citizens of that country are, with dark red, representing happy, to yellow, representing unhappy. It can be deduced that countries that are more developed are happier than the countries that are underdeveloped.

Dot Distribution Map

http://www.census.gov/geo/www/mapGallery/2kpopden.html

A dot density map is a map that uses dots to symbolize the presence of a feature in a given area. Usually a dot density map is used to show population density, where each dot represents a given amount of people. The map I chose is the population density of the United States with each dot representing 7,500 people. The higher density of dots in an area represents cities.

Propaganda Map

http://kuoest.wordpress.com/

A propaganda map is a map that uses false or distorted information to hopefully achieve a certain political goal. An example of a propaganda map is when the scale of countries are manipulated to be larger or smaller depending on the goal trying to be achieved. In the map that I chose the size of the USA and USSR are grossly inflated and the shape of Japan is a compact car. This map is to show the political views of Ronald Reagan during the Cold War.

Hypsometric Maps

http://www.earthexplorer.com/2009-03/Subsurface_Geology_Challenges_Goiania_Metro.asp

Hypsometric maps are used to depict the change in relief with the use of color, shading, or tinting. These maps are usually three dimensional, which makes it easier to see the changes in elevation. The map I chose is of Goiania, Brazil metropolitan region. The relief is shown by the different colors with blue being the deepest relief and beige being the the highest relief.

PLSS Maps

http://wigenweb.org/oneida/tmap.html

PLSS stands for Public Land Survey System, these maps are subdivision of cadastral maps. It is sometimes referred to as rectangular survey system. A PPLS map is a map that divides public domain land and is the first mathematic solution to divvying up land in the United States. The Federal government has all the maps on record which are for public viewing. The map above is of a county in Wisconsin. The perfectly divided squares with very little variation can clearly be seen.

Cadastral Map

http://www.fig.net/hsm/news/frans_1_2007.htm

A cadastral map provides information about property lines and land partitioning within a specific area. The maps can contain details like tax rates, land ownership, and zoning in the area. The map I chose is of Austria under the rule of Emperor Franz I in 1829. It shows the ownership and land use during this time, which can be useful to historians.

Thematic Map

http://www.gigawiz.com/thematic.html

A thematic map displays a particular theme connected to a geographic area. The themes a thematic map can show can vary from social, political, economical, or cultural. The map depicted above is a thematic map that shows the political parties in the United States in 2007. The ma could be used by potential candidates to target areas of political interest.

Topographic Map

http://www.climate4you.com/EuropeClimate.htm

Topographic maps are maps that represent the different elevations a certain location has. There are many different ways of depicting change in elevation including contour lines and the use of colors. The map I chose is a topographic map of Europe. The change in elevation is shown by the different colors, blue being highest elevation and green being the lowest elevation. By looking at the map, the Alps are easily seen.

Planimetric Map

http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/fova/clr/clr2-5c.htm

Planimetric maps are two dimensional maps that show no relief. They focus on the horizontal positions of features instead of the elevations. These maps are most helpful when trying to navigate through a location like city streets, where the elevation is of no concern. This map is of Vancouver, Washington and shows the positions of all the streets in the city.

Mental Map

http://www.fedstats.gov/kids/mapstats/concepts_mentalmaps.html

A mental map is a map that is drawn from a persons memory. They show the unique perspective and perception the person has of a certain geographic location. Because of this no two mental maps can be identical; making them very specific to the person drawing it. The map I chose was made by a child of his or her neighborhood. All the streets are labeled and certain buildings are labeled as well. This might indicate which buildings and streets are important to the child.